Guilt Theme in Shakespeare Essay Example

Guilt Theme in Shakespeare Essay Guilt is something that every human being faces in the world in which we live in. Guilt has been around since the beginning of time and is something that most of us feel from one time or another in our lives. If you are not careful and don’t deal with the problem it can literally eat you alive. William Shakespeare uses the theme of guilt in two of his most famous plays, Macbeth and Hamlet. In Macbeth, Lady Macbeth starts to regret her decision in supporting Macbeth in murdering Duncan. In Hamlet, Claudius carries around the guilt of killing King Hamlet and doesn’t find it a problem until he realizes Hamlet knows what he did. Both circumstances in each play support a famous quote by Lady Macbeth about the truth of guilt. In the play Macbeth, Lady Macbeth proves that a guilty conscience can lead to death devising a plan for her husband to murder King Duncan in hopes that Macbeth will take over the thrown. In the beginning of the play, she is portrayed as a strong and ruthless woman who pressures her husband into murdering Duncan. Even though Macbeth is hesitant, she manipulates her husband into following through with her plan. Afterward, however, Lady Macbeth develops a guilty conscience, which ends up driving her insane. By he end of the play, she commits suicide, signifying her inability to cope with her guilt and supporting the idea that a guilty conscience can cause death. In the midst of this tragedy, Lady Macbeth comments on how she feels after her husband has murdered Duncan. She observes that â€Å"Nought’s had, all’s spent/ Where our desire is got without content: / ‘Tis safer to be that which we destroy/ Than by destruction dwell in doubtful joy. † (3. . 5-7) Lady Macbeth is obviously regretting her decision to urge Macbeth into killing Duncan. Although they succeeded in their goal, she still isn’t satisfied with the outcome. She wonders if it would be better to be at â€Å"peace† with the dead than in this â€Å"torture† of being a murderer but ultimately decides to put on a false persona so as not to become a suspect to anyone. I fully agree that Lady Macbeth’s view of guilt is correct and is fully supported by the characters of Lady Macbeth and Claudius in William Shakespeare’s plays. We will write a custom essay sample on Guilt Theme in Shakespeare specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Guilt Theme in Shakespeare specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Guilt Theme in Shakespeare specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer I feel that after anyone commits a crime, no matter the circumstances, guilt will eventually take over someone’s conscience and end up destroying one’s life if they do not confess or try to fix the situation. In the end, the person most always feels so guilty that they would rather be the person who was affected by the deed than the one who did it so that they wouldn’t feel so accountable. This theme is also supported in William Shakespeare’s classic play, Hamlet. Claudius also murders the King in hopes to take over the throne. In order to get Claudius to prove he was responsible, Hamlet devises a plan to prove the guilt of his uncle by re-enacting the murder of his father right in front of him. Based on his reaction, Hamlet will be able to determine whether or not Claudius is truly guilty. As predicted, Claudius storms out of the play and quickly devises a plan to kill Hamlet so that nobody finds out about what he has done. â€Å"When Polonius leaves, the king is alone, and he immediately expresses his guilt and grief over his sin. A brother’s murder, he says, is the oldest sin and â€Å"hath the primal eldest curse upon’t† (3. 3. 37). He longs to ask for forgiveness, but says that he is unprepared to give up that which he gained by committing the murder, namely, the crown and the queen. He falls to his knees and begins to pray. † Since he prays and is clearly feelings guilty over what he has done, it shows how badly guilt can eat away at your conscience. By the end of the play, Hamlet ends up killing Claudius by stabbing him with a poison sword, only supporting the theme that guilt and bad deeds only end up killing you. In conclusion, the theme of guilt is clearly portrayed in both of William Shakespeare’s plays Macbeth and Hamlet. Lady Macbeth asserts that even though someone may commit a crime in hopes to make them happy and get something that he or she wants in life, the guilt will override the happiness. In both Lady Macbeth and Claudius’ cases, their guilt drives them to death. I agree with Lady Macbeth’s assertion and feel that nobody can be truly happy after doing a horrible deed. Living with a guilty conscience makes it impossible to enjoy life and is not something that anyone can ever survive.

The Marriage Contract Essay Example

The Marriage Contract Essay Example The Marriage Contract Essay The Marriage Contract Essay A wedding is something that most little girl’s dream of having one day. The perfect dress, the perfect flowers, and the perfect man is what they see their wedding day consisting of. The wedding is the beginning of marriage, and there are certain things that I would like from my dream man so that we can have a â€Å"perfect† marriage. A marriage, to me, is a relationship between two equal beings who want to spend their rest of their lives together. I believe that both of us should be treated equal in the relationship, and the power is split between us. . I believe it is important to have a marriage contract between my future husband and I because I would like to see if we believe in the same things. Do we see eye to eye or close to on how we want the household run or do we want children? As we get older, we’ll probably need to redo the contract to fit our changing lifestyle. We’ll probably need one for how we want to raise our children and how the household duties will be run when we have children running around. Another time we may need to revise it is if we get to busy for each other. I would like to still have a marriage when I have children. I see how some people forget about their spouses because they get so involved with work and children. There may be other times when we need to revise this marriage contract because our lives may change with children, a possible loss of a job, or anything that’s life altering which will cause a need to fix it. At this point in my life my marriage contract will state that I would like for us both to have solid jobs. I think it’s important to both have jobs so that neither of us is supporting each other. It’s possible when we have children this feeling may alter to work best for our lifestyle. For the time being though, I don’t want to be taking care of my husband, nor do I want him to take care of me. Since I would like to be a teacher, I shouldn’t have too many issues with my job being too demanding. If his job is more demanding than I’ like, I would want him to make up for it on his days off. If he had to travel a whole bunch I don’t know if I could continue the marriage, unless it was only for a short period of time. So that would have to be discussed if it ever came about. If his job caused him to move, I would agree to move with him after my school year was done. I on’t have a problem with moving around a lot if his job is pays well, because I would be willing to volunteer around the community rather than working a full time job. I want to be a part of something outside my marriage whether it’s job or volunteering. When it comes to friends, I think it’s very important to have friends who are couples. I grew up where my parents would always hang out with other couples and it really worked out nicely for them. They would go on two or three vacations a year with each other and if both of their families couldn’t make it for holidays we would all spend it together. I would want that for my marriage, so that I don’t feel like we can’t go out together with groups. I would also like to have to opportunity to have our friends over to our place. If we decide to go out separately, as a girls or guys night out, I would expect a text here and there about what’s going on and who they’re with. It would also depend on where the trust level is in the relationship, because that may change how one of us feels about the other going out. Another problem, if there is trust issues, is if we have friends of the opposite sex. I tend to have friends that are guys, so I would have to be okay with him having girls for friends. However, our best opposite sex friend should be each other. I once had a counselor who told my boyfriend and I that it’s okay to have friends of the opposite sex but they can never be your best friend because it never works out unless you marry your best friend. All in all, I want us to have friends outside of each other, because I feel that is a very important factor in maintain a healthy relationship. Religion is a huge part of my life, and I would like for my husband to be on the same page as me. I have no religion except for the belief in Agnosticism, but I love visiting new churches and speaking with members so I can understand more. One day, I would like to settle on some belief, possibly when children come into the picture, but I want to have similar beliefs. I was raised Christian, so I would like to think that one day I’ll go back to that train of thought, so I would like him to possibly know Christianity. I want us both to be open minded when it comes to religion, and I do not want a man who pushes his religion on me. When we have down time, such as the weekend, I would like us to have some things we do together and some we do separate. I think it’s important to have our own identity where we have different interest, but I also think it’s important to have things we enjoy doing together. As for vacations, I don’t believe they should be taken without each other, unless it’s to see our family. I believe vacations are meant for single people or families, and if you looking to enjoy yourself, you can do so with your spouse. If both of us are working, I think we should have separate accounts and one shared account. Every pay check we put a set amount in our own account that we get to spend on whatever we’d like. Then we put the rest of our pay check into a shared account and with that money we pay our bills. Any extra money in that account is only usable if we both agree on what it’s being spent on. With this set up we have our own money and we both contribute to paying for our expenses. No one can get mad about unnecessary spending, such as video games or brunch with the girls. As for credit cards, we have separate ones that we pay for out of our own account. If one of us needs to borrow money I’d be more than willing to help them, unless they were out of control with their own spending. I don’t want to deal with someone who isn’t finically stable or at least knows how to control their spending. Household chores aren’t very important to me. I don’t mind cleaning and I don’t mind picking up after someone else. The only time it would play a major role is when I cleaning for something or someone and I want to clean very well. I would expect help around the house if someone was coming to visit or if we were having a party, but even then I wouldn’t care if I did most of the work. I’m not concerned when it comes to household responsibilities, so I’d be willing to take that responsibility on. I want to find someone who wants to start having kids before the age of thirty-five. I don’t really have a preference at this point in time on how many kids I want, but I would like to find someone open-minded and not set on what they want. As long as my partner is willing to negotiate about how many children we want and when they want them I will be willing to find a medium with him. When raising our children I would like to maintain a more authoritative parenting style. I would like my husband to have the same style or close to. I do not want a man who cannot connect with his children, and I also do not want a man who wants to be his child’s friend. I feel like there needs to be a middle ground. I also don’t want my kids to think I’m the push over or think I’m the bad cop compared to their dad. I want them to see us as an equal parent because I think it’s important to raise a strong family. I love moving and traveling so I wouldn’t mind moving around a whole bunch the only objection I would have is I couldn’t live in a small town. A small suburb would be fine, but no country towns. If we didn’t move a lot I would want a house or a large apartment. I want animals so a place for them to run around is important to me. Ideally I would like to live somewhere in Europe or Canada, but if that’s not an option living anywhere cold is what I want the most. I also don’t want to find ourselves ever moving in with other family members, because I feel like you need to make it on your own. I’m not too particular on the living arrangements as long as we can agree that living in the heat is not an option unless we move a lot. My husband is my husband and I am his wife. We do not share each other with other people and I have no desire to explore other options. So if that’s what he wants than I would have to end things. I think also if that it’s something he believes in but would be willing to change I would still end things because it shows he doesn’t respect the monogamy of marriage and would easily slip up. Anything outside of monogamy is just not an option for me. If an abortion was necessary or unnecessary I would want my husband to be okay with it like I am. If he did what I wanted I would feel fully responsible for taking a child’s life. If he was against it I would feel pressured to give birth to a child I wasn’t ready for. There are just too many different situations that could occur that I would want my husband to feel open to the idea of abortion if it was needed. I could never be with someone who didn’t want pets or at least allow me to have pets. I don’t want a zoo but I don’t want to feel like I can’t own a pet if I want one. I have a dog currently who is an inside dog and if my husband wasn’t okay with that, I wouldn’t be okay with him. Animals are a huge part of my life and I wouldn’t be with someone without them. When it comes to in-laws, I don’t want to live with them and I don’t want them to live with me. I feel like it causes too much stress on the relationship which will lead to problems in the relationship. I also don’t think it’s healthy for the relationship between parent and child. So unless it’s necessary that they move in then it’s not an option for me. If I was put on life support I would want to be let go because of the financial struggle to will cause my husband and the pain it will cause us both to suffer. If he was put on life support I would ask what he wants before it happens and try to follow his wishes. I can’t say I’ll be strong enough to let him go because I’ve never been through it, but I would hope I can be strong enough for him. On thing that is very important to me is traveling. Traveling is something I’ve always wanted to do and I want to find someone with that same passion. If they had no interest in it or didn’t have to the funds I don’t know if I could make things work because I think it’s import to find someone who shares your dreams. If they don’t share dreams with you, you may grow to resent them. I want to enjoy my life traveling and exploring with my husband so we can grown together. These are most if not all the things I would like to be present in my marriage, and I hope to find someone who is on the same page as me. If they don’t agree on most if not all I’ll have to make the decision between changing my views or possibly finding someone else who meets more to my needs. Finding someone you care about and someone who agrees on your points of view is important to marriage.

Racial Prejudice in the film Devil in a Blue Dress compared to Term Paper

Racial Prejudice in the film Devil in a Blue Dress compared to prejudice in today's society - Term Paper Example The relations of blacks and whites, the inequality prevailed in the society is presented in the movie. Corruption over Blacks, segregation, the Black image of the American Dream and the alienation suffered by blacks are portrayed in the movie. The story of the missing white woman who was last found at a black-only club presents the dark faces of race and racism. The movie presents the race-oriented life of the 1940s; racism and segregation were the accepted way of life during that period. In the movie we find that the skin color is not just a background issue, it is rather the core theme of the lives of the people of those times. Race was the first thing people notices. Racial discriminations could destroy marriages, break careers and end lives. The movie brings before the viewers the black life in Los Angeles. The disadvantaged life of the blacks is watched from the perspective of the 1940s and 1960s. This picture can be very much paralleled to the lives of the blacks in the 1990s. The movie is relevant even in the present world. Segregation is not uncommon in the United States in the modern world also. Prejudice and stereotyping is common in almost all societies. Multicultural societies are under the curse of prejudice and discrimination. Considering the United States as an example we can find that prejudice is the most crucial feature of the society. It is nothing but prejudice that has caused discrimination, oppression and tensions among various racial and ethnic classes in the United States. Prejudice results in racial profiling, alienation, housing segregation, dangerous ethnic jokes and various other problems. Prejudice demolishes all types of fellowships. No relationship would abide in the presence of prejudice. Prejudice reflects segregation, and it has completely blocked the progress of the nation. This strange racial prejudice has resulted into an isolated, ill developed and racially segregated society that has encouraged racial mistrust, senseless c onflicts and other discriminations that prevents the society from obtaining true racial equality. Prejudice hinders cooperation and mutual respect and destroys relationships. Prejudice dissolves the good relationship between people of different race, ethnicity and nationality. Racial prejudice and segregation has resulted in systemic inequalities that stand as a barrier to the development (of the whole society) and personal improvement of individuals. Prejudice has contributed for the widening of the socio-economic gap between superior group (whites) and the minorities (blacks). The racism found in the movie Devil in a Blue Dress  is prevalent in the modern society of the United States. There are various practices that humiliate and trouble the negatively privileged blacks and women in America, for example racial profiling. Thousands of complaints from the victims of various ethnic groups have proved that racial profiling is a real happening. Victims of racial profiling are not on ly common people but also famous and rich people, celebrities, sports stars and people from all walks of life. There were cases when respected members of the society, like judges, lawyers, state legislators, and even representatives claimed that they were victims of racial profiling. This discriminatory stopping and checking by the police is disturbing thousands of pedestrians, innocent drivers, and shoppers and other helpless people across the nation. ‘War on Drugs’ as well as ‘War on Terror’

Police Character and Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Police Character and Ethics - Essay Example With this in mind, in terms of law enforcement, the Slippery Slope theory/philosophy represents the initial movement downward into undesirable actions which will make it difficult for the individual to halt these actions especially if they experience no negative consequences for the behavior. The Slippery Slope is linked closely with gratuities received by law enforcement officers. One notable Florida police sergeant defines police gratuities as â€Å"the receipt of free meals, services and discounts† (Andrews, 2004). Some might offer that taking such gratuities from local community members as a thank you for quality police service is unethical. This argument suggests that once an officer has accepted such gratuities, it might be reasonably concluded that the giver may expect certain favors in exchange for that free, proverbial cup of coffee. Under the Slippery Slope argument, favors in exchange for gratuities can include business referrals such as using specific towing companies, ambulance services or repair shops (Andrews). As the officer moves further down this slippery slope, becoming accustomed to this unethical behavior, they might now be tempted to remove desired items from crime scenes, evidence lockers, or any other environment in which they have access a nd can get away with the action of theft. The Slippery Slope does not necessarily suggest that all officers are going to be corruptible, only that the simple action of taking a gratuity as a gesture of appreciation can lead to an overwhelming series of negative consequences which jeopardize community, legal and social interests. In 2001, after the World Trade Center incident, community citizens across the nation were offering free meals, free admission to amusement parks, etc. all in an attempt to salute their law enforcement heroes (Andrews). The Slippery Slope argument might suggest that officers would become accustomed

The Second World War Essay Example for Free

The Second World War Essay During the last phase of the Second World War, the rivalry between the United States and Soviet Russia became clearly discernible due to ideological conflict. While the Soviet Union accepted Marxism and intended to spread it over the world, the United States, as a champion of liberal democracy, adopted a policy of ‘containment of Marxian influence’ and ‘roll back’ communism. Thus, their ideological conflict soon resulted in a political confrontation. As time passed, this conflict ripened into an enmity and, on occasions, it seemed that another global war was imminent. Though such a war did not, in reality break out tension and rivalry gradually reached the boiling point. This is known as cold war. This is, in a word, a ‘brinkmanship’ which means that the tension may, at any moment, burst into an actual war. So, war was avoided, but at every moment, it seemed that war was in the offing. This is not war, but not yet peace – it is like twilight zone, because the armed peace could at any time result in an actual violent war. The Origin of ‘Cold War’ The relation between what Fredrick Schumann calls ‘Marx Land’ and ‘Freeland’ has been far from cordial and even hostile at the end of World War II. This was, according to some scholars due to the division of the world into two camps – one led by the Soviet Union and another by the USA. This bi – polar interpretation of world politics failed to take into consideration the existence of neutral nation likes India, Indonesia, Egypt and other states which have disassociated themselves from joining in any one of the camps mentioned above. Moreover, the division in ‘Marx Land’ for instances the difference between Russia and China, and in the Freeland, for instance, between France and USA, were left out of consideration by those who accepted the bi – polar approach gained group, because of the all embracing character of a total war. The development of modern technology and the discovery of ‘A’ and ‘H’ bomb had virtually excluded the scope of neutrality in case if two giants USA and USSR enter into armed conflict. The destructive and devastating character of a modern warfare had left very little scope for neutrality because of the determination of each party to win the war might lead them to violate the national sovereignty of others. But, in the meanwhile the rivalry of giants had left scope for even small states like Yugoslavia to maneuver their position and maintain neutrality. Moreover, the monopoly of the secrets of ‘Atomic Power’ was no longer confined to USA and USSR. They no longer commanded absolute control in their own camp. France and China had not only acquired the ‘A’ bomb but also we determined to be the makers of their own policy. The existence of the neutral nations in which most of the Afro – Asian states belong has served as a check on the rivalry between the giants. What is Cold War? The ‘Cold War’ was kept alive by the rivalry of Soviet bloc and Western bloc to gain the hegemony of the world. The Western bloc looked upon the communist countries as totalitarian states and the neutrals as misguided. The communist countries on the other hand considered the capitalist states as seeking to exploit the underdeveloped countries for profit and frantically trying to maintain their hold over areas producing raw materials. Their mutually opposing views had produced rivalry in the post – World War II period. This had not led to actual war, but had produced local undeclared wars on a limited scale. The familiar portrait of the Cold War for mastery globe, however, had not prevented contact between the West and the communist world. ‘The diplomacy of coexistence’ as Mr. Schumann puts it and the rise of the neutral nations in Afro – Asian countries had increasingly acted as a brake upon the rivalry generated by the competition of giants. But the ‘Cold War’ was kept alive by the fear of the capitalist world about the ultimate motive of Soviet expansion and desire to attack the capitalist countries. From the point of view of the communist countries the opposite camp intended to destroy ‘Marx land’. Both the ‘Worlds’ were desirous of peace because the alternative to co – existence in the ‘Atomic Age’ is co – destruction. Therefore, the cold war and the illusion from which both the capitalist and the communist world suffered had cooled down. The ‘Cold War’ is different from shooting war. Freedman aptly defines it in the following statement, â€Å"in short there is some reason to believe that the ‘Cold War’ is not a necessary preparatory phase for a ‘hot war’, but a new technique of warfare†. Diametrically Opposite Perceptions of World Situation during Post – War Period After the end of the Second World War the United States insisted on keeping her the secrets of the eminent and responsible American statement, e. g. Governor Earl of Pennsylvania about the need of waging a punitive war against the Soviet Union while latter was without nuclear teeth, convinced the Russians as to the United States implacable enmity against them. The United States had not only the atom bomb, but also the world’s strongest navy, and global ring of strategic air bases while her position in West Germany and Japan brought her close to the Soviet frontiers. The abrupt termination of lend – lease aid and the rejection of a Soviet request for a post war reconstruction loan further deepened Soviet Union’s suspicion of American goodwill. Under Yalta agreement the Western Powers accepted Soviet claims to Germany’s territory and the Polish boundary in return for the Soviet assurance about the holding of free elections in East European countries. After the end of the World War II each side began to complain about other’s bad faith. The West resented what they called the Sovietization of the East European countries. The Soviet leaders on the other hand complained that while the United States demanded and received freehand in the areas under her control e. g. , Japan, she refused the same privilege to Russians in the areas under their sphere. Thus, cold war is kept alive by the rivalry of these Super Powers to gain the hegemony of the world. Ideological Conflicts The ideological factor made Soviet foreign policy more complex though by no means an enigma. Stalin stood for the policy of ‘Socialism in one country’. But after the end of the World War II a ring of friendly socialist states of Eastern Europe was deemed to be necessary for the security of the Soviet Union and communist fatherland. After the war Stalin the Soviet premier began to regard all non – communist countries as either ‘hostile capitalist’ states plotting to encircle and destroy the Soviet Union or as the lackeys of imperialist capitalist states. Viewed in the light Stalinism and democracy became mutually irreconcilable. The conflict between the two super powers has often been described as the inevitable duel between rival ideologies – democracy and dictatorship. No doubt many Americans genuinely disapprove of communism on account of its rejection of parliamentary democracy and human rights. Similarly, the communists hate democracy as synonymous with capitalist exploitation of the masses and imperialism. The conflict of values and is not the real reason behind the cold war but the conviction of the US government that communism is an international movement whose expansion means an accession of strength to Soviet Union. On the other hand the Soviet government firmly believed that the undoubted resurgence of West German nationalism and close US Japanese collaboration constituted a threat to the safety and integrity of Russia. Implications of Cold War The cold war had far – reaching implications in the international affairs. In the first instance it gave rise to a fear psychosis which resulted in mad race for the manufacture of more sophisticated armaments. Both the power blocs tried to acquire more and more sophisticated weapons. This set in motion a mad race for armaments. Secondly, cold war led to the formation of various alliances during the peace times. Both the blocs formed alliance and counter alliances to counterbalance the growing power of the opponent. Some of the alliances which were thus formed include NATO, SEATO, CENTO, War show Pact etc. this existence of these alliances added to world tension. Thirdly, a large number of nations of Asia, Africa and Latin America after attainment of independence decided to keep away from the military alliances sponsored and supported by the two super powers. Instead they preferred to follow policy of non-alignment. Thus, I can be said that the emergence of policy of non-alignment. Thus, it can be said that the emergence of policy of non-alignment is also the direct outcome of the cold war. Fourthly, cold war greatly undermined the chances of attaining the goal of one world. On account of mutual rivalry the two super powers were not willing to trust each other and often took opposite stands at the United Nations. This often resulted in blocking entry of certain members to the United Nations. It is well known that United States did not permit People’s Republic of China to take its seat in the United Nations only because China was a camp follower of Soviet Union. This prevented the United Nations from attaining universal character and jeopardized the chances of evolving one world. Fifthly, the mad race for armament which was the logical outcome of the prevailing cold war between two power blocs resulted in diversion of enormous amounts to acquisition of sophisticated weapons. This adversely affected the development of the states, and prevented improvement in the living standards of the people. Finally, cold war rendered the United Nations ineffective because both the Super Power tried to oppose the action in Greece, Trieste etc. because she distrusted the Western Powers. Likewise United States made use of its veto power on the question of Red China’s membership of United Nations. Conclusion But, from the beginning of the 1960s, cold war had been in the wane. A growing detente between the Soviet Union and the United States during the time John Kennedy and Nikita Khrushchev eased the mutual relationship between these two super powers. Moreover, the emergences of some non aligned countries like India, Egypt, Indonesia, Ghana, Sri Lanka etc. strengthened the peace-force and they intended to bring two super powers in close relations. Moreover, China’s distance from the Soviet Union and the disunity in the American camp also materially changed the international situation. Above all, the collapses of the Soviet Union and Sino-American detente have materially altered the international relationship. Thus, it is beyond any iota of doubt that, in such situation, the cold war which emerged during the closing years of the Second World War cannot contain the same significance which it evoked during its birth.

Risk Assessment with Relation to Falls in the Home in the Elderly Popul

This assignment will focus on the issue of Risk Assessment with relation to falls in the home in the elderly population. It will discuss the relationship between the community healthcare team and the individual client, the government policies related to the topic, and the influences of health policy upon the provision of community care. The role of the community nurse in public health education and promotion will also be explored. The client, in this particular instance, is Mrs Pugh. She is an 84-year-old female who lives alone since her husband's death 3 years ago. Mrs Pugh has a previous medical history of 'unexplained falls'. Her medical records also highlight the fact she is suffering from osteoporosis and arthritis. Mrs Pugh has recently been discharged home from hospital following surgical repair of a fractured tibia and fibula, the result of another 'unexplained fall' at home. Mrs Pugh has a carer who comes in daily to assist with hygiene, helping Mrs Pugh have a shower each day; she also supports Mrs Pugh with general domestic tasks. It is important to emphasise that the pair of them have developed a very good relationship. Mrs Pugh has always been a fiercely independent lady and doesn't take kindly to any, as she puts it, interference in her personal life. However, the relationship she has with her carer is very important to her. Health promotion is based on theories about what influences peoples' health and then what constitutes an effective intervention or strategy to improve health (Naidoo and Wills 1999). These theories are based on research. Research may be defined as 'any systematic information-gathering activi... ... totally irrelevant to them can lead to time wasting and frustration (Spicer 1982b). The clients' ability to learn must then be ascertained, the nurse must approach the client in a manner appropriate to the client, using language the client will understand. Finally, the nurse should assess the clients' readiness to learn. Luker and Caress (1989) emphasise that the physical and psychological consequences of ill health can affect the learning process. The client's carer and family will also require information, education and support from the nurse to enable them to provide the appropriate support for the client. The nurse may also have to make referrals to colleagues, such as the occupational therapist; so all the information should be available to other health professionals who may be involved in the clients' care.

How Does Hosseini Tell the Story in Chapter 17? Essay

Chapter 17 is potentially the most important chapter in the novel for structuring the shape of the narrative and may be seen as the turning point in the novel. During this chapter, Amir is handed a letter by Hassan writing about his son Sohrab and how life in Kabul has changed dramatically since he and Baba fled to America. Rahim Khan explains how Hassan and Farzana were killed by the Taliban and as his dying wish, Amir must go and rescue Sohrab. It is revealed that Baba is Hassan’s father, making him and Amir half brothers. Hosseini uses 3 different narrative voices in chapter 17 opposed to other chapters with just Amir narrating. This gives us a much more personal perspective into Hassan’s life, adds realism to the narrative and how corrupt Kabul has now become. ‘†¦suddenly a young Talib ran over and hit her on the thighs with his wooden stick’, contrasting hugely with Amir and Hassan’s childhood. Amir’s usual retrospective first person narrative is present however Hosseini also uses the present tense to make Hassan’s death more emotive as we can imagine it more vividly as a reader. ‘Hassan slumps to the asphalt, his life of unrequited loyalty drifting from him like the windblown kites he used to chase. ’ Not only is this quote used so we can see Hassan dying but it links the whole novel together by using the recurring motif of kites, linking back to chapter 7 when he ‘chased’ the blue kite, and his ‘unrequited loyalty’ is evident throughout the majority of the novel, ‘Hassan never denied me anything’. Although Hassan’s death is foreshadowed however in chapter 16, ‘God help the Hazaras now’, Hosseini creates suspense and dramatic tension towards Hassan’s death by giving Amir the letter first before revealing his death, giving Amir hope and making the reader assume his journey to redemption would soon be over. ‘I dream that someday you will return to Kabul and re-visit the land of our childhood. If you do, you will find an old faithful friend waiting for you. ’ This quote again creates a more dramatic and emotive response to Hassan’s death both from the reader and Amir after Hassan’s optimistic and promising letter. Hassan’s death is instrumental in shaping the narrative of the novel and is arguably the turning point as it forces Amir to seek his redemption and debt to Hassan to Sohrab. The reason Amir came to visit Pakistan in the first place was to apologise to Hassan and being the only person alive and able, ‘Now everyone in that photo was either dead or dying. Except for me’, Amir was the only one left to save Sohrab from the Taliban and Assef. Another key event in the chapter is the unveiling of Hassan’s true father, Baba. Amir reacts badly to the news and Hosseini portrays this using Westernised language to contrast with Rahim Khan’s traditional language. His anger is emphasised through the repetition of ‘you goddamn bastards’. This contrasts with the earlier chapters in the novel where Amir always speaks to Rahim Khan politely and with respect and could represent the influence America has had on him. Finding out that Hassan and he were half-brothers also makes his decision to save Sohrab even more crucial and makes the reader more anxious to see whether or not he will betray Hassan again or redeem himself. His decision to save Sohrab is foreshadowed in chapter 14 when General Tahiri says ‘blood is a powerful thing, bachem, never forget that’ suggesting that the bond of blood and brotherhood is so strong, Amir must save Sohrab, his own blood relative in order to fully complete his journey to redemption and atone for his sins.