Venezuelas Revolution for Independence from Spain

Venezuela was a leader in Latin Americas Independence movement. Led by visionary radicals such as Simà ³n Bolà ­var and Francisco de Miranda, Venezuela was the first of the South American Republics to formally break away from Spain. The decade or so that followed was extremely bloody, with unspeakable atrocities on both sides and several important battles, but in the end, the patriots prevailed, finally securing Venezuelan independence in 1821. Venezuela Under the Spanish Under the Spanish colonial system, Venezuela was a bit of a backwater. It was part of the Viceroyalty of New Granada, ruled by a Viceroy in Bogota (present-day Colombia). The economy was mostly agricultural and a handful of extremely wealthy families had complete control over the region. In the years leading up to independence, the Creoles (those born in Venezuela of European descent) began to resent Spain for high taxes, limited opportunities, and mismanagement of the colony. By 1800, people were talking openly about independence, albeit in secret. 1806: Miranda Invades Venezuela Francisco de Miranda was a Venezuelan soldier who had gone to Europe and had become a General during the French Revolution. A fascinating man, he was friends with Alexander Hamilton and other important international figures and even was the lover of Catherine the Great of Russia for a while. All throughout his many adventures in Europe, he dreamed of freedom for his homeland. In 1806 he was able to scrape together a small mercenary force in the USA and Caribbean and launched an invasion of Venezuela. He held the town of Coro for about two weeks before Spanish forces drove him out. Although the invasion was a fiasco, he had proven to many that independence was not an impossible dream. April 19, 1810: Venezuela Declares Independence By early 1810, Venezuela was ready for independence. Ferdinand VII, the  heir to the Spanish crown, was a prisoner of Napoleon of France, who became the de facto (if indirect) ruler of Spain. Even those Creoles who supported Spain in the New World were appalled. On April 19, 1810, Venezuelan Creole patriots held a meeting in Caracas where they declared a provisional independence: they would rule themselves until such time as the Spanish monarchy was restored. For those who truly wanted independence, such as young Simà ³n Bolà ­var, it was a half-victory, but still better than no victory at all. The First Venezuelan Republic The resulting government became known as the First Venezuelan Republic. Radicals within the government, such as Simà ³n Bolà ­var, Josà © Fà ©lix Ribas, and Francisco de Miranda pushed for unconditional independence and on July 5, 1811, the congress approved it, making Venezuela the first South American nation to formally sever all ties with Spain. Spanish and royalist forces attacked, however, and a devastating earthquake leveled Caracas on March 26, 1812. Between the royalists and the earthquake, the young Republic was doomed. By July of 1812, leaders such as Bolà ­var had gone into exile and Miranda was in the hands of the Spanish. The Admirable Campaign By October of 1812, Bolà ­var was ready to rejoin the fight. He went to Colombia, where he was given a commission as an officer and a small force. He was told to harass the Spanish along the Magdalena River. Before long, Bolà ­var had driven the Spanish out of the region and amassed a large army, Impressed, the civilian leaders in Cartagena gave him permission to liberate western Venezuela. Bolà ­var did so and then promptly marched on Caracas, which he took back in August of 1813, a year after the fall of the first Venezuelan Republic and three months since he had left Colombia. This remarkable military feat is known as the Admirable Campaign for Bolà ­vars great skill in executing it. The  Second Venezuelan Republic Bolivar quickly established an independent government known as the Second Venezuelan Republic. He had outsmarted the Spanish during the Admirable Campaign, but he had not defeated them, and there were still large Spanish and royalist armies in Venezuela. Bolivar and other generals such as Santiago Marià ±o and  Manuel Piar  fought them bravely, but in the  end,  the royalists were too much for them. The most feared royalist force was the Infernal Legion of tough-as-nails plainsmen led by cunning Spaniard Tomas Taita  Boves, who cruelly executed prisoners and pillaged towns that had formerly been held by the patriots. The Second Venezuelan Republic fell in mid-1814 and Bolà ­var once again went into exile. The Years of War, 1814-1819 During the period from 1814 to 1819, Venezuela was devastated by roving  royalist  and patriot armies that fought one another and occasionally amongst themselves. Patriot leaders such as Manuel Piar, Josà © Antonio  Pà ¡ez,  and Simà ³n Bolivar did not necessarily acknowledge one anothers authority, leading to a lack of a coherent battle plan to  free Venezuela. In 1817, Bolà ­var had  Piar  arrested and executed, putting the other warlords on notice that he would deal with them harshly as well. After that, the others generally accepted Bolà ­vars leadership. Still, the nation was in ruins and there was a military stalemate between the patriots and royalists. Bolà ­var Crosses the Andes and the Battle of Boyaca In early 1819, Bolà ­var was cornered in western Venezuela with his army. He was not powerful enough to knock out the Spanish armies, but they were not strong enough to defeat him, either. He made a daring move: he  crossed the frosty Andes  with his army, losing half of it in the process, and arrived in New Granada (Colombia) in July of 1819. New Granada had been relatively untouched by the war, so Bolà ­var was able to quickly recruit a new army from willing volunteers. He made a speedy march on Bogota, where the Spanish Viceroy hastily sent out a force to delay him. At the  Battle of Boyaca  on August 7, Bolà ­var scored a decisive victory, crushing the Spanish army. He marched unopposed into Bogota, and the volunteers and resources he found there allowed him to recruit and equip a much larger army, and he once again marched on Venezuela. The Battle of Carabobo Alarmed Spanish officers in Venezuela called for a cease-fire, which was agreed to and lasted until April of 1821. Patriot warlords back in Venezuela, such as Marià ±o and Pà ¡ez, finally smelled victory and began to close in on Caracas. Spanish General Miguel de la Torre combined his armies and met the combined forces of Bolà ­var and Pà ¡ez at the Battle of Carabobo on June 24, 1821. The resulting patriot victory secured Venezuelas independence, as the Spanish decided they could never pacify and re-take the region. After the Battle of Carabobo With the Spanish finally driven off, Venezuela began putting itself back together. Bolà ­var had formed the Republic of Gran Colombia, which included present-day Venezuela, Colombia,  Ecuador, and Panama. The republic lasted until about  1830  when it fell apart into Colombia,  Venezuela, and Ecuador (Panama was part of Colombia at the time). General Pà ¡ez was the main leader behind Venezuelas break from Gran Colombia. Today, Venezuela celebrates  two independence days: April 19, when Caracas patriots first declared a provisional independence, and July 5, when they formally severed all ties with Spain. Venezuela celebrates its  independence day  (an official holiday) with parades,  speeches,  and parties. In 1874, Venezuelan President  Antonio Guzmà ¡n Blanco  announced his plans to turn the Holy Trinity Church of Caracas into a national Pantheon to house the bones of the most illustrious heroes of Venezuela. The remains of numerous heroes of Independence are housed there, including those of Simà ³n Bolà ­var, Josà © Antonio Pà ¡ez, Carlos Soublette, and Rafael Urdaneta. Sources Harvey, Robert. Liberators: Latin Americas Struggle for Independence. 1st edition, Harry N. Abrams, September 1, 2000. Herring, Hubert.  A History of Latin America From the Beginnings to the  Present.  New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1962 Lynch, John.  The Spanish American Revolutions 1808-1826  New York: W. W. Norton Company, 1986. Lynch, John.  Simon Bolivar: A Life. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2006. Santos Molano, Enrique.  Colombia dà ­a a dà ­a: una cronologà ­a de 15,000 aà ±os.  Bogota: Planeta, 2009. Scheina, Robert L.  Latin Americas Wars, Volume 1: The Age of the Caudillo 1791-1899  Washington, D.C.: Brasseys Inc., 2003.

Profile of an Entrepreneur - 5318 Words

BUS 101 Sec – 8 Group Project Submitted to: M Saidur Rahman (Sdu) School of Business, BBA Program North South University Dhaka Persona | PROFILE OF AN ENTREPRENEUR AND BUSINESS ANALYSIS | 5th August 2010 | Prepared By : Ashiqur Rahman (GL) 1010622030 Syeda Faria Alim 1020907030 Kajiul Hazad Khondoker 1020440030 Imtiaz Faisal†¦show more content†¦Timing and luck was always by her side. Today, Persona has annual turnover over Tk 14 crores, and is now proudly the leading tax- payers in the industry. Persona group is not yet satisfied with this tremendous growth and top market position, and they also have various other associations and concerns which are constantly expanding and conquering this trade. Gym, Spa, Studio and a first-of-its-kind Beauty and Lifestyle Institute makes Persona indeed the ultimate lifestyle solution provider in the country. 1.4 Scope and Objectives of the Report: Although we had ample amount of time to complete the report, we could complete it just before the deadline. We had to face lot of challenges to get the appointment with our concerned entrepreneur – Ms Kaniz Almas Khan, due to her busy schedule and celebrity status. She was out of the country for nearly one month for professional reasons due to which our project work was delayed, though during this time we managed to take interviews with middle managers about some of the common issues. However in the end, we managed to collect all the information needed and successfully complete the task assigned to us. The main objective of this report is to know about a successful business entrepreneur of our country and how effective and efficient he/she is in their respective profession. 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Appearance in My Military Uniform free essay sample

The reason i am writing tho essay y is i simply got lazy towards the exercise in Graf and i decided that packing my gear and others things where more important then my appearance in my military uniform. i decided not to shave and therefore that action i was confronted by another NCO, who then asked me if i had shaven this morningrning, knowing i was in the wrong i decided not to lie that would make the situation words then it really was. From there that NCO let my NCO know the situation and that is why Im writing this essay today. ith that out the way my choice not to shave was more so and unprofessional decision that i had made when i did not backwards plan which is a good tact to practice because it helps you learn ways to fix and issue before it happens and your left looking stupid. So that morning when i woke i decided to get changed first , then proceeded to latrine to relieve myself, then proceeded to brush my teeth, i glanced at my face and simply thought in my head Aw no is hanna say shit there to busy thinking about getting home. hen i walked out of the latrine without a second thought to it. Its always the times when i think aww its cool Im fine thats when the worst happens or something goes wrong. wear and tear and appearance of army uniform simply consist of you must be shaven at all time s when on duty or conducting a military function you are solider 24-7 you are supposed to have a serviceable uniform at all time when being worn you are to have a hair cut in according to regulation . hough some people do not follow this regulation it does not make it right for me not to. i joined the military for a reason there are rules and regulations in the military if i want to be apart of this military i have to obey these reals and regulations so b me not following these rules this show that Im not committed to the military life so if Im not committed why am i hear. Im hear because i want a better life for me and m family and the military was the be st way to start. so if i cant oxide by the rules and customs why should i stay. o therefore i should start living up to the military way and binding by there rules and customs. wear and appearance means to me is that you should look professional at all times. Army Regulation 670-1 covers the wear and appearance of military uniforms. Wearing the military uniform is a privilege that not everyone has earned, and it is our responsibility as soldiers to uphold this standard. In this essay I plan to cover different aspects of the regulation and why it is important to meet and maintain the standards which are set forth in the regulation. The purpose of Army Regulation 670-1 as stated in chapter 1 paragraph 1-1 is as follows. â€Å"This regulation prescribes the authorization for wear, composition, and classification of uniforms, and the occasions for wearing all personal, clothing bag issue, optional, and commonly worn organizational Army uniforms. It also prescribes the awards, insignia, and accouterments authorized for wear on the uniform, and how these items are worn. General information is also provided on the authorized material, design, and uniform quality control system. The book answer to the purpose of the regulation only goes so far. If you look further into the regulation it states that the United States Army is a uniformed service that is judged, in part, by the way a soldier wears their uniform. This being said, if a soldier wears their uniform in a manner which is not clean and neat in appearance, and portrays the army poorly, the members of the United States Army would be viewed in a poor and undisciplined manner. Whereas if the members of the United States Army hold themselves to a higher standard, and maintain a neat and clean appearance, the members of the uniformed service will be viewed by the outside world as an organization which personifies what discipline is supposed to be. While we are on the subject of discipline, I think it would be good to explore it and it’s relation to the importance of Army Regulation 670-1. Discipline is one of the cornerstones of the United States Army. Discipline can set you above and beyond everyone else, and it can help you excel in everything you do. As stated in AR 670-1 Wear and Appearance of Army Uniforms and Insignia. The Army is a uniformed service where discipline is judged, in part, by the manner in which a soldier wears a prescribed uniform, as well as by the individual’s personal appearance. Therefore, a neat and well-groomed appearance by all soldiers is fundamental to the Army and contributes to building the pride and esprit essential to an effective military force. A vital ingredient of the Army’s strength and military effectiveness is the pride and self-discipline that American soldiers bring to their Service through a conservative military image. It is the responsibility of commanders to ensure that military personnel under their command present a neat and soldierly appearance. Therefore, in the absence of specific procedures or guidelines, commanders must determine a soldier’s compliance with standards in this regulation. Soldiers must take pride in their appearance at all times, in or out of uniform, on and off duty. Pride in appearance includes soldiers’ physical fitness and adherence to acceptable weight standards, in accordance with AR 600–9. †    By this, we can see the basic fundamentals and reasons behind the uniform policies that are currently in place. Therefore appearanc is everything in the military, perception is too if i look fucked up then people around me will assume that my NCO is fucked up then they will assume that my be your Chain Of Command is fucked up and shit does roll down hill. Look at it this way you come to work smelling like booze youve been up all night parting and and u just didnt care to iron you uniform or shave, nothing in the fact of the matter, you come into to work just looking trashed people will think that you just dont care about how you look of what people would think of you.

Othello is certainly an overlay of the features th Essays

Othello is certainly an overlay of the features that define tragedy as explained by Aristotle, Hegel, Nietzsche and Eagleton. Hence, to say that the play is Hegelian does not necessarily mean it is not Aristotelian. While Aristotle focused on tragedy Hegel focused on the tragic. Both features of tragedy and the tragic are to a great extent available in the Shakespearean tragedy of Othello. Hegel's theory on the tragic helps us to a great extent analyze the tragic conflict in this play. He focuses on the tragic vis--vis tragedy. And for me, Hegel is the best whom can we depend upon analyzing Shakespeare's Othello. Not only that but also he uses other supportive techniques of increasing the tragic conflict. Hegel, neither judges nor indicates that the Greek tragedy is better than the Shakespearean , or the Shakespearean is better than the Greek as Professor Carl Friedrich states that it is not Greek tragedy, ultimately, but the Shakespearean dramatic world which Hegel exalts as the ver y pinnacle of aesthetic achievement.' To Hegel suffering does not mean tragedy. The cause of suffering is more important than suffering itself. In this way Hegel gives stress not on the suffering of a person but on the cause of suffering. He relates it to "a special kind of action which born out of the conflict of the spirit". In Hegel's view the suffering of a tragic hero is due to the conflict of the spirit. The reason why the tragic conflict thus appeals to the spirit is that it is itself a conflict of the spirit. It is a conflict, that is to say, between powers that rule the world of man's will and action - his "ethical substance". Hegel says that discordant of two forces always produces a tragic conflict. It is not essential that conflict always be between good and evil but it can be between good and good. One tries to prove the rejection of other and the result is collision. "The essentially tragic fact is the self - division and intestinal warfare of the ethical substance , not so much the war of good with evil as the war of good with good." Hegel describes tragedy not merely a story of suffering but that of inexorability of law of fate of necessity'. The tragic hero involves in every action without knowing it good or bad or differentiating between them. Therefore, he is followed by the wrong action, makes a sacrifice of his entire life and ultimately reaches to his room. All the main characters of Shakespearean tragedies meet their end by following the same theory. Hegel gives the idea of reconciliation'. It means the realization of follies or mistakes done by the character on each and every step. Although he wants to improve it, he is too late to escape from the consequences. Ultimately, he prepares himself both physically and mentally to accept his defeat and destruction. Thus, according to Hegelian theory, the incompatibility between two forces _ good and evil or good and good, produces a tragic conflict. Othello may be interpreted on the basis of this theory. In the play we find that both Othello' and Desdemona' are good characters. But Iago's personal jealousy involves them in the evil game. He feels jealous for Othello and Cassio professionally and suspects his wife Emilia has illegal relationship with them. The combination of this professional and sexual jealousy leads Iago to ruin the life of the poor characters. He provokes Othello against his wife Desdemona and makes him to suspect on her chastity. He convinces him that Cassio and Desdemona have an affair: O beware, my lord, of jealous!/ It is green eyes monster; which doth mock./The meat it feeds on. That cuckold lives in bliss/ Who, certain of his fate, loves not his wronger?/ Provoked by him without trying to find out the reason Othello involved in every wrong action and loses the balance of his mind and emotion. Othello, who has a deep faith in sexual purity, becomes excited to know about his wife's unfaithfulness and violation of her chastity. On the other hand, Iago continuously persuades his rage: "Lie with her? Lie on her? We say lie on her when